运维python进行(三) 用pytho
? zabbix是一款非常主流监控软件，以简单易用为人称道。zabbix拥有完善的api方便大家通过第三方调用，所以今天介绍一下如何利用python完成对zabbix api调用。
? ?zabbix api主要通过http协议进行通讯，这里我们使用数据是json格式数据进行交互。
介绍
zabbix api的地址是“/api_jsonrpc.php”这里先用linux系统命令做个演示:如何获取zabbix的登录token，下面返回的结果是一个json对应的result是结果，也就是你想要得到的token
[root@salt-node1?zabbix]#?curl?-XPOST?http://192.168.198.116/api_jsonrpc.php??-H?'Content-Type:application/json'?-d?'{
>?????"jsonrpc":?"2.0",
>?????"method":?"user.login",
>?????"params":?{
>?????????"user":?"admin",
>?????????"password":?"zabbix"
>?????},
>?????"id":?0
>?}'
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"f2e8bbaf7e5290d51914a78a0328f19e","id":0}看上去只是一个post的http请求那我们就用python来搞一下吧
首先我们选的是urllib2模块，之所以用这个是因为python本身自带此模块增加系统的兼容性
[root@salt-node1?tmp]#?python?zabbix.py?
f037e64b7018fe987c3b1d3e1d717ecb
[root@salt-node1?tmp]#?cat?zabbix.py
#coding:utf-8
import?json
import?urllib2
import?logging
logging.basicConfig(filename='./my_log_test.log',format='%(asctime)s?-?%(name)s?-?%(levelname)s?-?%(message)s',level=logging.INFO)
zbx_url?=?'http://192.168.199.224:88/api_jsonrpc.php'
zabbix_user?=?'admin'
zabbix_pwd?=?'dianjoy.com'
def?get_token():
????url?=?zbx_url
????#这里定义一个header的字典，方便填写全部的http头信息
????header?=?{"Content-Type":?"application/json"}
????#?这里是一个需要发送的json数据
????data?=?'''{
????????????"jsonrpc":?"2.0",
????????????"method":?"user.login",
????????????"params":?{
????????????????"user":?"%s",
????????????????"password":?"%s"
????????????},
????????????"id":?0
????????}'''?%?(zabbix_user,zabbix_pwd)
????#?创建一个请求的对象
????request?=?urllib2.Request(url,data)
????#遍历获取http头信息
????for?key?in?header:
????????request.add_header(key,header[key])
????#发送请求，最终返回token
????try:
????????result?=?urllib2.urlopen(request)
????except?urllib2.URLError?as?e:
????????print?"Auth?Failed,?Please?Check?Your?Name?And?Password:",e.code
????else:
????????response?=?json.loads(result.read())
????????result.close()
????????return?response['result']
????????
print?get_zbx_token()现在你已经获取到zabbix的token了就可以做一些别的事情了，
这里大家可以尝试获取一下主机信息
例子：
这是一个curl完成和获取主机信息的操作
[root@salt-node1?tmp]#??curl?-k??-H?'Content-Type:?application/json'?http://192.168.198.116/api_jsonrpc.php?-d?'{
>?????????"jsonrpc":?"2.0",
>?????????"method":?"host.get",
>?????????"params":?{
>?????????"output":?"extend",
>?????????"filter":?{
>?????????????"name":?[
>?????????????????"Zabbix?server"
>?????????????]
>?????????}
>?????????},
>?????????"auth":?"d6e4eb7e6bd884fec2ccffe4205d5960",
>?????????"id":?1?}'
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"hostid":"10084","proxy_hostid":"0","host":"Zabbix?server","status":"0","disable_until":"0","error":"","available":"1","errors_from":"0","lastaccess":"0","ipmi_authtype":"-1","ipmi_privilege":"2","ipmi_username":"","ipmi_password":"","ipmi_disable_until":"0","ipmi_available":"0","snmp_disable_until":"0","snmp_available":"0","maintenanceid":"0","maintenance_status":"0","maintenance_type":"0","maintenance_from":"0","ipmi_errors_from":"0","snmp_errors_from":"0","ipmi_error":"","snmp_error":"","jmx_disable_until":"0","jmx_available":"0","jmx_errors_from":"0","jmx_error":"","name":"Zabbix?server","flags":"0","templateid":"0","description":"","tls_connect":"1","tls_accept":"1","tls_issuer":"","tls_subject":"","tls_psk_identity":"","tls_psk":""}],"id":1}现在用python完成上面操作，因为zabbix api请求的json内主要三部分：操作zabbix方法，params，token会产生变化，所有这里构建了一个方法，只需要传入这三个参数即可
def?zbx_req(zbx_action,?zbx_params,?zbx_token):
????'''?get?host?info?'''
????header?=?{"Content-Type":?"application/json"}
????
????#zabbix?server的url地址
????url?=?zbx_url
????
????#构建请求的json数据
????data='''{
????"jsonrpc":?"2.0",
????"method":?"%s",
????"params":?%s,
????"auth":?"%s",
????"id":?1?}'''?%?(zbx_action,?zbx_params,?zbx_token)
????request?=?urllib2.Request(url,?data)
????for?key?in?header:
????????request.add_header(key,?header[key])
????#?请求zabbix获取返回结果
????try:
????????result?=?urllib2.urlopen(request)
????except?urllib2.URLError?as?e:
????????print?"request?Failed:",?e.code
????else:
????????#因为各种应用场景结果可能不通做了如下判断
????????#如果返回的json里面有error这个key代表请求失败，输出错误信息并返回False
????????#如果返回json没有result这个key代表结果也不是预期
????????#其它的直接返回json的result?key的内容
????????response?=?json.loads(result.read())
????????if?'error'?in?response:
????????????print?response['error']
????????????return?False
????????elif?not?response['result']:
????????????print?response
????????????return?False
????????else:
????????????return?response['result']
????????result.close()
#方法创建好了，这里把参数传入调用下下就好
zbx_token?=?get_zbx_token()
zbx_action?=?'host.get'
zbx_params?=?'''{
????"output":?"extend",
????"filter":?{
????"name":?["Zabbix?server"]
????}
????}'''
print?zbx_req(zbx_action,zbx_params,zbx_token)脚本写执行下脚本试试把
[root@salt-node1?tmp]#?python?zabbix.py?
[{u'available':?u'1',?u'tls_connect':?u'1',?u'maintenance_type':?u'0',?u'ipmi_errors_from':?u'0',?u'ipmi_username':?u'',?u'snmp_disable_until':?u'0',?u'ipmi_authtype':?u'-1',?u'ipmi_disable_until':?u'0',?u'lastaccess':?u'0',?u'snmp_error':?u'',?u'tls_psk':?u'',?u'ipmi_privilege':?u'2',?u'jmx_error':?u'',?u'jmx_available':?u'0',?u'maintenanceid':?u'0',?u'snmp_available':?u'0',?u'tls_psk_identity':?u'',?u'status':?u'0',?u'description':?u'',?u'tls_accept':?u'1',?u'host':?u'Zabbix?server',?u'disable_until':?u'0',?u'ipmi_password':?u'',?u'templateid':?u'0',?u'tls_issuer':?u'',?u'ipmi_available':?u'0',?u'maintenance_status':?u'0',?u'snmp_errors_from':?u'0',?u'ipmi_error':?u'',?u'proxy_hostid':?u'0',?u'hostid':?u'10084',?u'name':?u'Zabbix?server',?u'jmx_errors_from':?u'0',?u'jmx_disable_until':?u'0',?u'flags':?u'0',?u'error':?u'',?u'maintenance_from':?u'0',?u'tls_subject':?u'',?u'errors_from':?u'0'}]拓展1
相信大家学到这里还不满足，懒是永无止境的，我根据自己情况继续把用法继续封装，根据自己的需求封装一个创建主机的方法
class?Zbx_api(object):
????def?zbx_create_host(self,hostname,inter_ip,group_id,temlpate_id):
????????self.hostname?=?hostname
????????self.inter_ip?=?inter_ip
????????self.group_id?=?group_id
????????self.temlpate_id?=?temlpate_id
????????'''创建主机
????????????hostname?:主机名
????????????inter_ip?:主机IP
????????????gourp_id?:组id
????????????template_id?:?监控模版id
????????????zbx_create_host('salt-node1','192.168.198.116','4','10001')
????????'''
????????zbx_action?=?'host.create'
????????zbx_params?=?'''{
????????????"host":?"%s",
????????????"interfaces":?[
????????????????{
????????????????????"type":?1,
????????????????????"main":?1,
????????????????????"useip":?1,
????????????????????"ip":?"%s",
????????????????????"dns":?"",
????????????????????"port":?"10050"
????????????????}
????????????],
????????????"groups":?[
????????????????{
????????????????????"groupid":?"%s"
????????????????}
????????????],
????????????"templates":?[
????????????????{
????????????????????"templateid":?"%s"
????????????????}
????????????],
????????????"inventory_mode":?0,
????????????"inventory":?{
????????????????"macaddress_a":?"nginxs.net",
????????????????"macaddress_b":?"nginxs.net"
????????????}
????????}'''?%?(hostname,inter_ip,group_id,temlpate_id)
????????r=Zbx_base_api(zbx_action,zbx_params)
????????return?r.zbx_req()拓展2
例如我经常需要把一个group的主机的eth0网卡和CPU负载创建一个screen那我们得用python完成下面几项操作：
1. 创建一个方法获取一个主机组的指定graph id
2. 创建一个方法只要传入screen name，graph id就可以创建一个screen
????def?zbx_create_screen(self,screen_name,screen_high,screen_width):
????????'''创建screen
????????name?:?SCREEN的名字
????????hsize：?screen的行数
????????vsize：?screen的列数
????????screenitems：?screen里面的item
????????????resourcetype?:?当前数据源的类型"graph","map","url"更多请看传送门https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/2.4/manual/api/reference/screenitem/object#screen_item
????????????resourceid：?itemid
????????????rowspan:?占据行数
????????????colspan：占据列数
????????????x：?屏幕x坐标轴位置
????????????y:??屏幕y坐标轴位置
?????????'''
????????self.screen_name?=?screen_name
????????self.screen_high?=?screen_high
????????self.screen_width?=?screen_width
????????zbx_action?=?'screen.create'
????????zbx_params?=?'''{
????????"name":?"%s",
????????"hsize":?%s,
????????"vsize":?%s,
????????"screenitems":?[
????????????{
????????????????"resourcetype":?0,
????????????????"resourceid":?"524",
????????????????"rowspan":?1,
????????????????"colspan":?1,
????????????????"x":?0,
????????????????"y":?2
????????????}
????????]
????}'''?%?(self.screen_name,self.screen_high,self.screen_width)
????????print???zbx_params
????????r=Zbx_base_api(zbx_action,zbx_params)
????????return?zbx_req()本文参与?腾讯云自媒体分享计划，分享自作者个人站点/博客。
原始发表：2019-09-12 ，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除
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