实操如何Ubuntu上搭建虚拟环境，建议收藏！
环境搭建
1. 安装pip
pip 是 Python 的包安装器。你可以使用 pip 从 Python 包索引（Python Package Index，简称 PyPI）和其他索引安装包。
apt?install?python3-pip
2.安装虚拟环境命令
pip 安装可能超时，可以使用一下国内镜像
中国科技大学https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
豆瓣(douban)http://pypi.douban.com/simple/
清华大学https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
中国科学技术大学http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
mkdir?~/.pip
#创建pip.conf
vim?~/.pip/pip.conf
#添加内容
[global]
index-url?=?https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
2.1 安装virtualenv
执行pip install virtualenv命令安装virtualenv，如下：
root@dell-PowerEdge-R740:~#?pip?install?virtualenv
Looking?in?indexes:?https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting?virtualenv
Downloading?https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/86/2f/35a79942c38d4ca89b444085d67900f713f1967446fdcefc8351619d7c65/virtualenv-20.21.0-py3-none-any.whl?(8.7?MB)
|████████████████████████████████|?8.7?MB?1.4?MB/s
Collecting?filelock<4,>=3.4.1
Downloading?https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/9e/6b/fdcd53aeee771a868c4187f0955116894a2b1e82d73fb5990c2ef63afc18/filelock-3.11.0-py3-none-any.whl?(10.0?kB)
Collecting?platformdirs<4,>=2.4
Downloading?https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/b2/f3/4fb5fae710fc9f22a42cd90dc0547da18ec83e2e139294ab94f04c449cf5/platformdirs-3.2.0-py3-none-any.whl?(14?kB)
Collecting?distlib<1,>=0.3.6
Downloading?https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/76/cb/6bbd2b10170ed991cf64e8c8b85e01f2fb38f95d1bc77617569e0b0b26ac/distlib-0.3.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl?(468?kB)
|████████████████████████████████|?468?kB?45.7?MB/s
Installing?collected?packages:?filelock,?platformdirs,?distlib,?virtualenv
Successfully?installed?distlib-0.3.6?filelock-3.11.0?platformdirs-3.2.0?virtualenv-20.21.0
2.2 安装virtualenvwrapper
执行pip install virtualenvwrapper命令安装virtualenvwrapper，如下：
root@dell-PowerEdge-R740:~#?pip?install?virtualenvwrapper
Looking?in?indexes:?https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting?virtualenvwrapper
Downloading?https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/c1/6b/2f05d73b2d2f2410b48b90d3783a0034c26afa534a4a95ad5f1178d61191/virtualenvwrapper-4.8.4.tar.gz?(334?kB)
|████████████████████████████████|?334?kB?912?kB/s
Collecting?stevedore
Downloading?https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/41/1b/bad9124b400334d48aed1e04799032909fd8f1ca4a8e0eb30841284dd489/stevedore-5.0.0-py3-none-any.whl?(49?kB)
|████████████████████████████████|?49?kB?5.8?MB/s
Requirement?already?satisfied:?virtualenv?in?/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages?(from?virtualenvwrapper)?(20.21.0)
Collecting?virtualenv-clone
Downloading?https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/21/ac/e07058dc5a6c1b97f751d24f20d4b0ec14d735d77f4a1f78c471d6d13a43/virtualenv_clone-0.5.7-py3-none-any.whl?(6.6?kB)
Collecting?pbr!=2.1.0,>=2.0.0
Using?cached?https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/01/06/4ab11bf70db5a60689fc521b636849c8593eb67a2c6bdf73a16c72d16a12/pbr-5.11.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl?(112?kB)
Requirement?already?satisfied:?platformdirs<4,>=2.4?in?/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages?(from?virtualenv->virtualenvwrapper)?(3.2.0)
Requirement?already?satisfied:?distlib<1,>=0.3.6?in?/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages?(from?virtualenv->virtualenvwrapper)?(0.3.6)
Requirement?already?satisfied:?filelock<4,>=3.4.1?in?/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages?(from?virtualenv->virtualenvwrapper)?(3.11.0)
Building?wheels?for?collected?packages:?virtualenvwrapper
Building?wheel?for?virtualenvwrapper?(setup.py)?...?done
Created?wheel?for?virtualenvwrapper:?filename=virtualenvwrapper-4.8.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl?size=24833?sha256=bf86ddff2b764e8647692e097c462c217acb2a71b4c9840004c476b355232e10
Stored?in?directory:?/root/.cache/pip/wheels/97/88/d8/a01a6ba56275a7bfbf0118f79c81de4235f2dd05c1d4ad71cc
Successfully?built?virtualenvwrapper
Installing?collected?packages:?pbr,?stevedore,?virtualenv-clone,?virtualenvwrapper
Successfully?installed?pbr-5.11.1?stevedore-5.0.0?virtualenv-clone-0.5.7?virtualenvwrapper-4.8.4
2.3找不到mkvirtualenv解决办法
在用户家下的.bashrc文件中添加如下代码：
export?WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
source?/usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
执行执行source .bashrc使其配置生效，如下：
dell@dell-PowerEdge-R740:~$?source?.bashrc
Command?''?not?found,?but?can?be?installed?with:
sudo?apt?install?mailutils-mh??#?version?1:3.7-2.1,?or
sudo?apt?install?meshio-tools??#?version?4.0.4-1
sudo?apt?install?mmh???????????#?version?0.4-2
sudo?apt?install?nmh???????????#?version?1.7.1-6
sudo?apt?install?termtris??????#?version?1.3-1
virtualenvwrapper.sh:?There?was?a?problem?running?the?initialization?hooks.
If?Python?could?not?import?the?module?virtualenvwrapper.hook_loader,
check?that?virtualenvwrapper?has?been?installed?for
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=?and?that?PATH?is
set?properly.
如果想上面那样报错，解决办法是找到virtualenvwrapper.sh文件修改代码。查看这个文件到位置
dell@dell-PowerEdge-R740:~$?whereis?virtualenvwrapper.sh
virtualenvwrapper:?/usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
找到如下代码进行修改。
修改前：
#?Locate?the?global?Python?where?virtualenvwrapper?is?installed.
if?[?"${VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON:-}"?=?""?]
then
#?这里需要修改
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON="$(command?\which?python)"
fi
#?Set?the?name?of?the?virtualenv?app?to?use.
if?[?"${VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV:-}"?=?""?]
then
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV="virtualenv"
fi
修改后：
#?Locate?the?global?Python?where?virtualenvwrapper?is?installed.
if?[?"${VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON:-}"?=?""?]
then
#?这里已被修改
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON="$(command?\which?python3)"
fi
#?Set?the?name?of?the?virtualenv?app?to?use.
if?[?"${VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV:-}"?=?""?]
then
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV="virtualenv"
fi
再次执行source .bashrc打印如下表示更新成功。
dell@dell-PowerEdge-R740:~$?source?.bashrc
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts?creating?/home/dell/.virtualenvs/premkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts?creating?/home/dell/.virtualenvs/postmkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts?creating?/home/dell/.virtualenvs/initialize
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts?creating?/home/dell/.virtualenvs/premkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts?creating?/home/dell/.virtualenvs/postmkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts?creating?/home/dell/.virtualenvs/prermvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts?creating?/home/dell/.virtualenvs/postrmvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts?creating?/home/dell/.virtualenvs/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts?creating?/home/dell/.virtualenvs/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts?creating?/home/dell/.virtualenvs/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts?creating?/home/dell/.virtualenvs/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts?creating?/home/dell/.virtualenvs/get_env_details
虚拟环境命令的使用
1. 创建虚拟环境
Linux上使用mkvirtualenv命令创建虚拟环境。在不指定Python版本下，默认使用Python2创建。
在Python2下创建
mkvirtualenv?虚拟环境名称
在Python3下创建
mkvirtualenv?-p?python3?虚拟环境名称
示例：
创建成功后，会自动进入创建的虚拟环境中。
提示：
创建虚拟环境需要联网
创建成功后, 会自动工作在这个虚拟环境上
工作在虚拟环境上, 提示符最前面会出现 “虚拟环境名称”
2. 查看虚拟环境
使用workon命令查看虚拟环境。
workon
示例：
3. 使用虚拟环境
使用workon 虚拟环境命令进入虚拟环境。
workon?虚拟环境命令
示例：
4. 退出虚拟环境
使用deactivate命令退出虚拟环境。
deactivate
示例：
5. 删除虚拟环境
使用rmvirtualenv命令删除虚拟环境。
rmvirtualenv?虚拟环境名称
参考文档
https://blog.csdn.net/m0_61491995/article/details/125960379
- 发表于:
- 原文链接：https://page.om.qq.com/page/OG8uVyxSZHtMnd_U788I_FBA0
- 腾讯「腾讯云开发者社区」是腾讯内容开放平台帐号（企鹅号）传播渠道之一，根据《腾讯内容开放平台服务协议》转载发布内容。
- 如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。
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