英语四级考试模拟训练翻译真题笔记

原题：黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六的长河。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府曾采用了各种措施防止灾害发生。

写译：The Yellow River is the third longest river in Asia and the sixth longest river in the world. The Chinese character “黄” means “yellow” in English, which is used to describe the color of the Yellow River. The Yellow River originates in Qinghai and flows through nine provinces, and finally flows into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River is one of the rivers on which China depends. The Yellow River Basin is the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization and the most prosperous area in the early history of China. However, due to the frequent occurrence of destructive floods, the Yellow River has caused many disasters. In the past decades, the government has adopted various measures to prevent disasters.

修改：The Chinese character “黄” means “yellow” in English, which is used to describe the color of the Yellow River. 改成 The word “yellow” describes the muddy color of the river.

句型：

• sb/sth be the + (序数词) + 形容词最高级 + 表范围的介词短语（某事或某物在某个范围内是排名第几的）
  The Yellow River is the third longest river in Asia and the sixth longest river in the world.
  Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰
  The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world. 太平洋是世界上最大的大洋
  China is the second largest country in the world. 中国是世界上领土第二大的国家
• 定于从句：
  The Chinese character “黄” means “yellow” in English, which is used to describe the color of the Yellow River. （汉字“黄”在英语中的意思是“yellow”，用来形容黄河的颜色。） 这里的 which 指代汉字“黄”，be used to do 被用来做……
  The Yellow River is one of the rivers on which China depends. 这里的which指代的是rivers，短语“depend on”的介词on放在了which的前面，调整语序后：China depend on which(rivers)
  She is a girl which has the Tan hair. 她是一个棕褐色头发的女孩。拆分：She is a girl. A girl has the Tan hair.

单词：

• in Asia：在亚洲，in 介词短语，在……里
• Chinese character：中国汉字
• basin：流域；盆地；盆
• originate：[v.]起源于；发源；发端于；创建；创立
• flow through：流经
• flow into：流入
• civilization：文明
• prosperous：[adj.]繁荣的
• due to ：由于……（的原因）
• frequent：[adj.]频繁的 ——> [n.]frequency 频率，发生率，出现率
• occurence：发生的事情，事件；单一事件；匹配次数
• destruct：[v.]破坏 [n.]故意有计划的破坏 [adj.]破坏的
• destruction：[n.]摧毁；毁灭；破坏
• destructive：[adj.]破坏性的；毁灭性的；引起破坏性的；引起毁灭性的
• disaster：[n.]灾难；灾祸；不幸；彻底失败的人或事
• decade：[n.]十年；尤指一个年代 in the past decades在过去的几十年中
• various：[adj.]多种多样的；各种各样的
• variable：[adj.]多变的；易变的；变化无常的 [n.]可变情况；变量；可变因素
• vary：v.相异，不同，有别；(根据情况)变化；改变；变更；(略做)改变
• adopt：[vt.]及物动词，采取，直接跟宾语
• prevent：[vt.]及物动词，阻止，直接跟宾语
• Mount Everest & Mount Qomolangma：珠穆朗玛峰
• Pacific Ocean：太平洋
• tan：[adj.]棕褐色的 v.晒成棕褐色；晒黑；鞣(革)；硝(皮)[n.]棕褐色