Type Juggling
PHP does not require (or support) explicit type definition in variable declaration; a variable's type is determined by the context in which the variable is used. That is to say, if a string value is assigned to variable $var, $var becomes a string. If an integer value is then assigned to $var, it becomes an integer.
An example of PHP's automatic type conversion is the multiplication operator '*'. If either operand is a float, then both operands are evaluated as floats, and the result will be a float. Otherwise, the operands will be interpreted as integers, and the result will also be an integer. Note that this does not change the types of the operands themselves; the only change is in how the operands are evaluated and what the type of the expression itself is.
<?php
$foo?=?"1";??//?$foo?is?string?(ASCII?49)
$foo?*=?2;???//?$foo?is?now?an?integer?(2)
$foo?=?$foo?*?1.3;??//?$foo?is?now?a?float?(2.6)
$foo?=?5?*?"10?Little?Piggies";?//?$foo?is?integer?(50)
$foo?=?5?*?"10?Small?Pigs";?????//?$foo?is?integer?(50)
?>If the last two examples above seem odd, see String conversion to numbers.
To force a variable to be evaluated as a certain type, see the section on Type casting. To change the type of a variable, see the settype() function.
To test any of the examples in this section, use the var_dump() function.
Note: The behaviour of an automatic conversion to array is currently undefined. Also, because PHP supports indexing into strings via offsets using the same syntax as array indexing, the following example holds true for all PHP versions: <?php $a????=?'car';?//?$a?is?a?string $a[0]?=?'b';???//?$a?is?still?a?string echo?$a;???????//?bar ?> See the section titled String access by character for more information.
Type Casting
Type casting in PHP works much as it does in C: the name of the desired type is written in parentheses before the variable which is to be cast.
<?php
$foo?=?10;???//?$foo?is?an?integer
$bar?=?(boolean)?$foo;???//?$bar?is?a?boolean
?>The casts allowed are:
- (int), (integer) - cast to integer
- (bool), (boolean) - cast to boolean
- (float), (double), (real) - cast to float
- (string) - cast to string
- (array) - cast to array
- (object) - cast to object
- (unset) - cast to NULL (PHP 5)
(binary) casting and b prefix forward support was added in PHP 5.2.1
Note that tabs and spaces are allowed inside the parentheses, so the following are functionally equivalent:
<?php
$foo?=?(int)?$bar;
$foo?=?(?int?)?$bar;
?>Casting literal strings and variables to binary strings:
<?php
$binary?=?(binary)?$string;
$binary?=?b"binary?string";
?>Note: Instead of casting a variable to a string, it is also possible to enclose the variable in double quotes. <?php $foo?=?10;????????????//?$foo?is?an?integer $str?=?"$foo";????????//?$str?is?a?string $fst?=?(string)?$foo;?//?$fst?is?also?a?string //?This?prints?out?that?"they?are?the?same" if?($fst?===?$str)?{ ????echo?"they?are?the?same"; } ?>
It may not be obvious exactly what will happen when casting between certain types. For more information, see these sections:
- Converting to boolean
- Converting to integer
- Converting to float
- Converting to string
- Converting to array
- Converting to object
- Converting to resource
- Converting to NULL
← Pseudo-types and variables used in this documentation
? 1997–2017 The PHP Documentation GroupLicensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License v3.0 or later.
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